Fareed Zakaria in un lungo Article reported by Corriere della Sera on Sunday, takes stock of the war against Al Qaeda and they came out with a fair trial and at the same ungenerous or even intellectually dishonest. Here's why.
If we compare the state of the Arab Muslim world today in that fateful Sept. 11, when "Al Qaida appeared aggressive and bold," we see that "the whole perspective of the war on terror has evolved extraordinary ... The moderates have take up arms and now we are facing a turning point. It has been identified with the risk that a great nation fall prey jihadist ideology. In most Muslim nations, the rulers were able to stabilize schemes and social fabric, isolating the extremists ... (In the Middle Eastern countries) have emerged modern forces, inclined to secularism. "Today, Al Qaeda has lost its magical aura," is no longer a movement capable of bringing in the Arab world ... his political influence has been greatly scaled. "And the director of News Week comes to a conclusion fully correct," America is no longer engaged in a struggle of civilization against the Muslim world, but in a military campaign and intelligence in a number of selected locations ... The enemy is not sprawling and the swamp is in the process of reclamation. In the ideological field, Al Qaida has already lost. "
Zakaria, however, forget to say who was the author of this success, who has put his signature under this first victory, multifaceted and complex given the multifaceted nature of this war. You forget to say a simple "thank you" to all the Bush administration, Rumsfeld discussed at, the theoretical Neocon, giving them more errors you deserve. It 's a strange conceit that liberals on every continent, when they arrive they say and do the same things said and done by the conservatives or the right words from those of the opposing side, then go right and are justified, but before? Now that Obama applied the same strategy of Bush in Afghanistan - with all the lights and shadows that entails - this type counter-terrorism jhadista okay, it has the blue label of political correctness and disappeared at a stroke the charge of militarism and imperialism.
Having said that, should the prologue in the name of truth, we can evaluate the strategy of Bush and eight years to draw a balance quite right. On September 11 the U.S. suddenly takes on three levels: national security, military and politically but also strategic in the sense that the possibility that Al Qaeda could strike with violence that it was the heart of America even that fell within the horizon of defense plans and thoughts of the entire administration and Washington. No coincidence that one of the first books came out of the great scholar of the Cold War brought Gaddis its title the word "surprise". Then to hit the public, was the tragic aspect, the liberal use of the media and the symbolism of the targets, the unpreparedness of intelligence, and opened the windows on a world that had hitherto regarded with distraction enough and also by the Americans themselves, while under fire from terrorist fundamentalism that in 1982, when Beirut was blown up a Marine barracks.
For the first time since the Second World War, after Perl Harbur, the United States had shown themselves exposed and vulnerable. It 's true, before there was Vietnam, but was out of the house and still would have paid loved this retreat. Their invincible military force, the absolute superiority in technology had not been able to stop a gang of terrorists who came from the desert! It was incredible, the only surviving superpower in the Cold War brought to its knees by a ghost.
The first task, the largest, to a great power must ensure that the only existing order for all countries of the world - particularly the allies of security produced by the U.S. consumer - is to restore the rule through the restoration of deterrence. There is no possibility of exercising its function of ensuring the enforcement and defense of allies if it is not immediately received by all the potential enemies that no challenge will remain unpunished.
Secondly, we needed to find an appropriate strategy that can counter the novelty of 'global outbreak, asymmetric in all respects, carried out by Bin Laden. Al Qaeda had its origin in the humus and in the Greater Middle East Muslim. To be clear, is a phenomenon to peel an onion, a bit 'like the mafia, the vast majority of the Sicilian Mafia is not, but 99.9% of the Sicilian mafia, and say they are Catholics, not all crimes are to be in Sicily Sources attributed to mafia, but the mafia thrives in a land of lawlessness widespread social; certainly is not determined by poverty, but we certainly Bergamo. Insomma l'isola non è la Svizzera.
Così gli americani hanno approntato delle contromisure complesse. La prima azione è stata la cacciata dei talebani e di Al Qaida dall'Afghanistan, con un'azione militare per sforzo logistico e velocità incredibile. La seconda, con l'invasione dell'Iraq, hanno spazzato un regime base di ogni avventurismo medio orientale che seminava instabilità da un ventennio in tutta l'area. Con entrambe le azioni poi gli USA hanno raggiunto un altro importante obiettivo, impiantandosi stabilmente in quell'area di crisi e assicurando Israele alle spalle. In terzo luogo, hanno iniziato a dare la caccia ad al Qaida sul piano globale tramite azioni di polizia e di intelligence internazionali. Allo stesso tempo iniziava l'azione politica verso gli alleati arabi convincendoli a stringere rapporti più stretti con gli Stati Uniti e a troncare le dubbiose relazioni con Bin Laden. Al quarto punto, vi è la lotta ideologica contro il jadhismo a sua volta articolata su più livelli rappresentati dal progressivo raggiungimento di più obiettivi. Separare il fondamentalismo dal terrorismo islamista, far avanzare nei paesi una certa separazione tra stato e religione, in secondo luogo lo stato di diritto e infine la democrazia.
Certo errori sono stati commessi. Si può iniziare con quelli di comunicazione - come la gaffe di Bush quando usò il termine "crociata", l'abuso dell'espressione "esportazione della democrazia", the premature declaration of victory in Iraq - and then move on to those politicians in Iraq - Chalabi paper, the dissolution of the army, the purge of the Baath, the non-immediate creation of a local government etc.. - Up to two errors, so if we can call, representatives from leading political military campaign in Afghanistan, but where was NATO?, And Iraq, where it took something like, in the first case, eight years, according to four to take effective action.
But the most serious limitation, and perhaps incorrigible, as well as inevitable, is represented by the inability of a democracy in the XXI burdened with commitments of neo-colonial, yet necessary to stop some abuses to which was the international community must respond, but is unable to do so orchestrated.
growth remains the unknown. After the Sept. 11, the view of the Great Middle East appears to be strongly changed with the ayatollahs' nuclear Iran finally freed from the threats of Saddam and the Taliban, both bitter enemies of the Scythians, and with a friendly government in Baghdad but not a servant. It was expected?
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